This research aimed to determine the configurations of Enemy Criminal Law in Latin America over the last five years through a systematic review using the PRISMA methodology. Twenty scientific articles indexed in three specialized databases (SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science) were selected. The main results show that this punitive paradigm manifests itself in different political-criminal contexts (migration management, exceptional regimes against gangs, drug policies, treatment of public officials linked to organized crime, etc.). The analyzed studies reveal that these manifestations share common characteristics such as the construction of enemy categories that systematically target vulnerable populations, the suspension of constitutional guarantees, the acceleration of criminal liability, and selective application that reproduces structural inequalities. It is concluded that Enemy Criminal Law constitutes a consolidated structural phenomenon in Latin America that erodes the rule of law, generates mass and selective incarceration, and reproduces mechanisms of social exclusion, posing the regional challenge of reversing this authoritarian trend through the recovery of fundamental rights principles.